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Item Out-of-pocket expenditure in accessing healthcare services among Chronic Kidney Disease patients in Anuradhapura District(The Sri Lanka Medical Association, 2017-06-13) Senanayake, S J; Gunawardena, N S; Palihawadana, P; Bandara, S; Bandara, P; Ranasinghe, A U; Karunarathna, R H; Kumara, G PChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has significant economic impact on both patients’ households and the country. To assess the out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure of accessing health services among CKD patients in Anuradhapura District This community based cross-sectional study included a representative sample of 1174 registered CKD patients from all 19 Medical Officer of Health areas in the District of Anuradhapura. Trained para-medical staff visited the households and administered an interviewer administered questionnaire to gather information. A total of 1118 CKD patients participated. Mean age was 58.3 (SD 10.8) years. Fifty nine (5.3%) patients had been hospitalized during the six months preceding data collection. The total OOP for a hospital admission for one patient was Rs. 3625 (IQR 1650-8760). Thirty eight (3.4%) patients were on dialysis. The median direct cost per patient for an episode of dialysis was Rs.595 (IQR 415-995) while the median direct cost for a dialysis patient per month was Rs.5490 (IQR 3950-10934). In the study population a total of 1095 (98.0%) had attended clinic at least once during the six months preceding the study. The OOP expenditure for a single clinic visit for one patient was Rs.434 (IQR 200-860). CKD patients living in the Anuradhapura District spent significant amounts on accessing health care which can worsen their economic hardships. Planned interventions are warranted in order to improve their quality of life and financial situation