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    Environmental Management Practices in the Hotel Sector in Sri Lanka: Experience from the Western Province
    (Colombo: Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, 2014-10) Wickramasinghe, Kanchana
    The study intends to assess environmental management in hotels in Sri Lanka and factors affecting the adoption of environmental management practices.
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    Ecotourism as a Tool for Sustainable Forest Management in Sri Lanka
    (Journal of Environment Professionals Sri Lanka, 2012) Wickramasinghe, Kanchana
    Deforestation and forest degradation have become serious environmental issues faced by Sri Lanka. Forest management system of Sri Lanka has been based on ‘command and control’ approach, which shows a limited involvement of local communities as stakeholders in forest management. It is vital that the society sees the economic benefits of forest conservation, in order to conservation being more meaningful and long lasting. Forest-based ecotourism, a non-consumptive, market-based approach to forest utilization has received a foremost position, due to its prospective economic and environmental benefits. Through a comprehensive qualitative assessment, the study finds the key constraints and challenges in adopting ecotourism for sustainable forest management as, lack of awareness and understanding on the concept, inadequate coordination, non-compliance to principles and poor interpretation services. It highlights the need for establishing well-coordinated mechanism, assigning clear roles for relevant stakeholders, enhancing private sector participation and establishment of a certification program of ecotourism businesses
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    Equilibrium relations in the coconut sector: an analysis of fresh nut, oil and desiccated coconut market in Sri Lanka for the period 1956-2017
    (University of Peradeniya, 2020) Abeysekera, M.G.D.; Prasada, D.V.P.; Pathiraja, P.M.E.K.
    The objective of this paper is to assess the equilibrium relations in the fresh nut, oil and Desiccated Coconut (DC) market in Sri Lanka with special emphasis on determining the supply and demand elasticities. To achieve this objective, the Partial Equilibrium Model (PEM) previously adopted for the Sri Lankan coconut industry was reestimated using Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) method. Annual data on prices, quantities and other supply and demand related data for the period 1956-2017 were used for the analysis. The PEM captures the linkages in both production and consumption between the three markets. The results revealed that estimations are consistent with previous studies except for the income variable in demand equations for both fresh and oil markets where only the latter is statistically significant with negative coefficient indicating that oil has become an inferior good. Both the own price elasticity of supply and demand of fresh nut and oil were statistically significant with comparatively lower magnitudes whereas it was significant and higher in the DC market. When compared with the previous studies, the findings of the present study revealed that the magnitudes of the supply and demand elasticities in all three coconut markets have changed over the past decade and implications of those changes are further observed in the changes of directions of supply and demand relationships. Therefore, the coconut market model may also be extended further by incorporating other important sub-sectors as well.
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    Structure conduct and performance of the rice milling industry of Sri Lanka: evidence from selected cases
    (2017-06) Wijesinghe, Asanka; Weerahewa, Jeevika
    The rice milling industry in Sri Lanka is alleged to be characterised by imperfect competition and excessive profits. The purpose of this study was to examine the structure, conduct and performance of the rice milling industry of Sri Lanka. The structure of the industry was examined using concentration ratio and Hirschman- Herfindahl Index (H index). The conduct of the industry was examined using a Hedonic price analysis. In order to evaluate the performance of the industry, the technical efficiency of the rice millers was estimated. Marketing margins over time and across different groups of millers were also examined to test whether there was an increase in the margins between retail prices of rice and farm-gate prices of paddy as an alternative indicator to ascertain industry performance. The results of the analysis indicated that the top four firms in the sample occupied 6.30% of the market share, implying that the rice milling industry of Sri Lanka was atomistically competitive. The calculated H index of 30 also suggests that the market was competitive. Contrary to popular belief, the results of the Hedonic price analysis indicated that consumers were indifferent among brands and that none of the established brands had a significant effect on rice prices. The results of the input orientated Data Envelope Approach indicated that the mean technical efficiency of the millers in the sample was over 90% and there is no statistically significant difference in the technical efficiencies of large scale millers who possess modern machineries and that of the rest. Furthermore, there is no evidence to conclude that millers with superior milling equipment have excessive margins.
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    Determinants of Receipts of Environmental Awards and Certifications by Hotels: Experience from the Western Province in Sri Lanka
    (Journal of Environmental Professionals Sri Lanka; Vol. 3 (2), 2014, 2014-12) Wickramasinghe, Kanchana
    This paper attempts to assess the receipts of environmental awards and certifications by the hotel sector in the Western Province of Sri Lanka and the factors determining such receipts. The assessment is based on primary data collected from the 94 registered hotels in the Western Province, using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Key informant interviews and stakeholder discussions were carried out in formulating the questionnaire. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect required data. The analysis was done using the Probit approach. It shows that nearly 19 percent hotels in the sample have received environmental awards and certifications. According the econometric results, chain affiliation and the luxury level of the hotels are significant determinants of receipts of environmental awards and certifications.