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    Migration & remittances: impact on financial behavior of families left behind in Sri Lanka
    (Institute of Policy Studies, Sri Lanka, 2019-07) Weeraratne, Bilesha
    The study investigates the impact of migration and remittances on the financial behaviour of left behind family members in Sri Lanka, using data from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2016. The analysis includes propensity score matching estimates and a three stage least squares estimates to examine the impact of having a migrant in the household or receiving remittances on the saving and borrowing behaviour of the left behind family members. A holistic view of the empirical findings of the study show that migration and remittances promote savings in left behind households, and the broader picture of debt repayment, indebtedness and loan income hints that migration and remittances make left behind family less likely to borrow, less likely to be indebted, and the more likely to be repaying debt. Such ongoing debt repayment is more likely to be associated with debt that was taken before migration (either to cover cost of migration or for some other reason unrelated to migration). This empirical evidence on capacity of migration and remittances to improve savings and reduce unproductive borrowing is found on the basis of the status quo in Sri Lanka - where minimal guidance is provided to left behind households on financial management. As such, exposure to appropriate interventions would enhance the capacity of migration and remittances to uplift the financial behaviour and related outcomes for left behind households. Such positive effects would have multiplier effects on all migration and remittances related outcomes at the household level and beyond.
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    Intellectual property rights in protecting new plant varieties and farmers' traditional knowledge: the case of rice in Sri Lanka
    (Institute of Policy Studies, Sri Lanka, 2016-09) Hirimuthugodage, Dilani; Samarathunga, Parakrama A.
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    Environmental Management Practices in the Hotel Sector in Sri Lanka: Experience from the Western Province
    (Colombo: Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, 2014-10) Wickramasinghe, Kanchana
    The study intends to assess environmental management in hotels in Sri Lanka and factors affecting the adoption of environmental management practices.
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    Are there good quality teachers for all classrooms in Sri Lanka?
    (Institute of Policy Studies, Sri Lanka, 2017-12) Arunatilake, Nisha; Abayasekara, Ashani
    Highly qualified teachers in all classrooms are necessary for implementing education reforms aimed at modernising and improving education in the country.Using school census data for 2016, this study examines the adequacy of teachers for teaching mathematics,English and Science at the secondary level in Sri Lanka. across provinces and across different school categories.The study also analyses the distribution of government expenditure on teacher salaries across different types of schools. The study finds that although the available number of teachers for different subjects is sufficient at the national level, the available in-field and experienced teachers are inadequate to meet the current demand for such teachers. The study further finds that the deployment of teachers and the distribution of public expenditure on qualified teacher salaries are not equal across different categories of schools.
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    Social protection in Sri Lanka: current status and effect on labor market outcomes
    (Institute for Human Development, 2015) Tilakaratna, Ganga; Jayawardana, Sahan
    There are many social protection programs in Sri Lanka targeting vulnerable groups such as the poor, elderly, disabled, children and women. These programs vary from cash and in-kind transfers to pensions, insurance and livelihood development programs. Despite the multitude of programs, the current social protection system has many weaknesses. This study provides a detailed analysis of Sri Lanka’s social protection system and further examines the relationship between social protection and labour market outcomes such as the labor force participation and employment status. The study uses both quantitative and qualitative analyses. The quantitative analysis reveals that social protection income as a share of household expenditure has a marginal negative effect on the probability of an individual’s labour force participation. This relationship holds for the prime age (25-59 years) and the elderly categories of both genders while no significant effect is observed on the youth. With regard to the effect on employment status, the study reveal a positive effect on employment categories like own account workers, but the marginal effects are very small, hence no conclusive interpretations could be made. The study stresses the need for improving the current social protection system, particularly its efficiency and resource allocation within the system.
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    Understanding student migration from Sri Lanka
    (Institute of Policy Studies, Sri Lanka, 2022-02) Weeraratne, Bilesha; Weerasekara, Harini; Bandara, Thilini
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    Why people choose to participate in the non-standard forms of employment in Sri Lanka
    (Institute of Policy Studies, Sri Lanka, 2017) Jayawardena, Priyanka
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    Re-defining urban areas in Sri Lanka
    (Institute of Policy Studies, Sri Lanka, 2016-06) Weeraratne, Bilesha
    The existing urban population estimate in Sri Lanka fails to reflect the true level of urbanization due to the inappropriate definition adopted. This paper develops an alternative definition for urban areas in Sri Lanka to reconcile the mismatch between actual and existing estimates, by reviewing definitions adopted in other countries and analyzing perceptions of Key Informants. The author defines a Grama Sevaka division as urban if it has a minimum population of 750 persons, a population density greater than 500 persons per km2 , firewood dependence of less than 95 percent of households, and well water dependence of less than 95 percent of households. Using data from the Land Use Policy Planning Department and Department of Census and Statistics, the author estimates that 43.8 percent of Sri Lankan population live in urban areas The paper makes an important contribution to Sri Lanka's policy and legislative arena to revise the existing definition of urbanization.
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    Cost of low-skilled migration to Saudi Arabia, South Korea and Malaysia: value chain analysis-Sri Lanka
    (Institute of Policy Studies, Sri Lanka, 2018-02) Weeraratne, Bilesha; Wijayasiri, Janaka; Jayaratne, Suwendrani